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# Axiom A1 — Bandwidth
**Statement:** The substrate has a finite propagation speed ($c$) and resolution ($\hbar$).
## RRT alignment
In [[Relational Resolution Theory (RRT)]], A1 combines:
- **The [[Format]] ($f$):** The independent, dynamic substrate of reality
- **[[Information]] & Resolution ($\sigma$):** The bit-count required to maintain distinctions
The Format sets the physical constants ($k_B$, $T$) that determine the cost of [[Translation]]. Resolution $\sigma$ is the effective bit-count for a reference frame to distinguish states.
## RST identification
| RRT | RST |
|:---|:---|
| Format ($f$) | Spacetime + aether field $A^\mu$ |
| Resolution ($\sigma$) | Signal — the structure being maintained |
| Finite $c$ | Maximum propagation rate; bandwidth limit |
| Finite $\hbar$ | Resolution floor; quantum of action |
## Derived concepts
- **Noise floor** $a_0 = cH/(2\pi)$ — from expansion scalar $\theta = 3H$
- **3D critical percolation** — A1 + A5 yields backbone dimension $d_B \approx 1.22$
- **Pure Axiom Substrate** — graph evolution constrained by A1 (no privileged scale)
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**See also:** [[Graph Size Hierarchy (RST)]] — graph structure (A1) underpins the graph-size hierarchy.
*Full axiom set: [[RST Baseline 1.0]], [[Relational Resolution Theory (RRT)]]*