>[!warning]
>This content has not been peer reviewed.
Electromagnetism is the [[Source Projection]] of the [[Resource Triangle]]. It measures how much of the [[Total Budget]] succeeds in rendering the [[Signal]].
$\mu = \frac{\Omega}{W}$
**The question:** "Is the signal clear?"
When $\mu$ is high, the [[Format]] renders the electromagnetic field with near-perfect [[Fidelity]]. Charges attract and repel exactly as Coulomb's law predicts. Maxwell's equations hold perfectly. Light propagates without distortion.
When $\mu$ drops, the rendered field loses accuracy. The [[Format]] begins to approximate, to buffer, to [[Zoom Logic|coarse-grain]]. In electromagnetism this never happens in practice — the EM [[Noise Floor]] ($E_0 \approx 5.9 \times 10^{-22}$ V/m) is 13 orders of magnitude below the field of a single electron at 1 meter. Maxwell's equations appear perfectly linear because EM always operates at $\mu \approx 1$.
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## RST Formalization
**Projection:** $\mu = \Omega/W$
**Physical identification:** Charge is the [[Format]]'s [[Fidelity]] — the fraction of the [[Total Budget]] that goes to rendering the [[Signal]].
**Noise floor:** $E_0 = a_0 \cdot m_e/e \approx 5.9 \times 10^{-22}$ V/m
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## Why EM Looks Linear
Maxwell's equations are not fundamentally linear. They have a MOND-like nonlinearity at $E \sim E_0$. But because the EM coupling ($\alpha \sim 1/137$) is $\sim 10^{36}$ times stronger than gravity ($\alpha_G \sim 10^{-39}$), the EM [[Signal]] never approaches the [[Noise Floor]]. The $\mu$ function is permanently saturated at 1. We see perfect linearity because we are always in the [[Fidelity|high-fidelity]] regime.
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## Prediction
Because $E_0 \propto H(z)$, the EM noise floor evolves with cosmic epoch. The leading correction produces a tiny drift in the fine-structure constant:
$\frac{\Delta\alpha}{\alpha} \sim \left(\frac{E_0}{E_\text{typical}}\right)^n \cdot \frac{\Delta H}{H}$
This connects to Gate 3 of the [[Relational Substrate Theory (RST)|RST]] falsification programme.